Court Rules
All enforcement actions
Warning LetterLow Risk

FTC Warns Data Brokers on PADFAA Foreign Data Sales Ban

Data BrokersFebruary 9, 2026Federal Trade Commission

Summary

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) sent warning letters to 13 data brokers reminding them of their obligations under the Protecting Americans’ Data from Foreign Adversaries Act (PADFAA). PADFAA prohibits data brokers from selling or providing sensitive personal data about Americans to foreign adversaries such as China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. The letters warn that violations could result in civil penalties of up to $53,088 per violation and urge companies to review their business practices for compliance.

Contract Impact

In-house legal teams should review all vendor and data processing agreements where the company acts as a data broker or shares data with third parties, particularly those involving international transfers. Specific clauses to scrutinize include data sharing/transfer provisions, definitions of sensitive data, compliance with laws, prohibited destination lists, and audit rights. Changes may be needed to explicitly incorporate PADFAA's prohibitions on selling or providing sensitive personal data to foreign adversaries (China, Russia, Iran, North Korea), update data classification schemas to match PADFAA's definition (including health, financial, biometric, geolocation, etc.), add representations and warranties regarding non-disclosure to adversarial nations, and implement enhanced monitoring and termination rights for potential violations.

Contract Search Terms

sensitive personal data definitionforeign adversary listdata broker agreementPADFAA compliance clausedata transfer restrictionsnational security dataprohibited destinationsdata processing addendumsensitive data classificationdata sharing limitations

Laws Cited

Protecting Americans’ Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 (PADFAA)

Violation Types

Entity Details

Entity

Data Brokers

Industry

Data Broker

Official Sources

Related Enforcement Actions

CA

Data Brokers

CalPrivacy issued Enforcement Advisory No. 2025-01 to remind data brokers of their annual registration obligations under California's Delete Act, including disclosing all trade names and websites and registering independently rather than through a parent company. The advisory warns that failures to comply may result in administrative fines of $200 per day, plus fees and recovery costs. It also highlights the upcoming Delete Request and Opt-Out Platform (DROP) launching January 1, 2026.

CPPA

Data Brokers

The California Privacy Protection Agency (CalPrivacy) announced the creation of a Data Broker Enforcement Strike Force to investigate privacy violations by data brokers. The strike force will focus on compliance with the Delete Act's registration requirement and the CCPA, building on previous enforcement actions. This initiative aims to hold data brokers accountable and protect Californians' personal information.

CA

Data Brokers

The California Privacy Protection Agency (CalPrivacy) announced the creation of a Data Broker Enforcement Strike Force to investigate privacy violations by data brokers under the CCPA and Delete Act. The strike force will focus on compliance with registration requirements and other obligations, building on previous enforcement actions to increase accountability.

FTC

12 Unnamed Nudify Tool Providers

The FTC sent warning letters to 12 companies offering 'nudify' tools that generate nonconsensual intimate images, for failing to comply with the TAKE IT DOWN Act (TIDA) by not providing a mechanism for victims to request removal of such content. The letters urge immediate compliance with TIDA, which requires platforms to remove nonconsensual intimate images within 48 hours of a valid request. Noncompliant companies may face future legal action and civil penalties of up to $53,088 per violation.

FTC

Covered Platforms

The FTC began enforcing the TAKE IT DOWN Act on May 19, 2026, a law requiring covered platforms to establish a process for victims to request removal of nonconsensual intimate images and delete such content within 48 hours of a valid request. The agency launched a consumer complaint portal, issued compliance guidance for businesses and consumers, and sent reminder letters to major platforms including Meta, TikTok, and X about their obligations under the law. No specific penalties or enforcement actions against individual companies were announced in this release.

FTC

Cliq Inc.

$6.5M

A federal court held Cliq Inc. and its executives Andrew Phillips and John Blaugrund in civil contempt for multiple violations of a 2015 FTC order requiring the payment processor to prevent enabling consumer fraud. The court found the defendants facilitated fraud by processing transactions for high-risk merchants, avoiding fraud monitoring, failing to conduct required underwriting, and ignoring chargeback thresholds. The court imposed $6.5 million in civil contempt sanctions against the defendants.