Federal and state enforcement actions involving dark patterns violations, tracked from official government sources.
54
Total Actions
$19.5B
Total Fines
12
Jurisdictions
Attorney General William Tong issued a consumer alert warning Connecticut residents about unregulated, offshore decentralized finance (DeFi) cryptocurrency exchanges, naming GMX, Gains Network, dYdX, Aevo, Drift Protocol, Vertex Protocol, and Hyperliquid. The alert highlights risks including bypassing U.S. law via VPNs, predatory leverage up to 250x, misleading synthetic asset products, and lack of KYC protections. No enforcement action or penalty was imposed; at least one Connecticut consumer reportedly lost $200,000 deposited with an unregulated DeFi exchange.
Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison announced that used car dealer Midwest Car Search and its owner Scott Spiczka agreed to reform their business practices and pay $100,000 to resolve allegations that they violated Minnesota's Used Car Law and other consumer-protection laws through five deceptive practices, including fake 'certified' claims, illegally added vehicle service contracts, denied warranties, missing Buyer's Guide disclosures, and operating under an unregistered trade name that exploited Spanish speakers. The settlement resolves the AG's April 23, 2024 lawsuit and makes permanent a prior court order requiring the dealer to cease the deceptive conduct. Note: this is a consumer-protection enforcement action, not a privacy matter, so violation-type mapping to the privacy taxonomy is approximate.
$100K
New York Attorney General Letitia James, joined by 21 other states and the FTC, sued Amazon for secretly overcharging its advertising customers more than $20 billion by submitting fake second-place bids to inflate ad auction prices since 2018. More than 1.2 million advertisers, including hundreds of thousands of small businesses, were allegedly overcharged. The coalition seeks a court order stopping the scheme plus penalties, restitution, and damages.
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton sued Amazon.com, Inc. on August 31, 2026, alleging Amazon deceived advertisers by claiming to run second-price auctions while secretly applying hidden surcharges and undisclosed 'soft reserve' prices that pushed winners' costs up by roughly 17% on ordinary days and more than 25% during peak events like Prime Day. The hidden surcharges generated roughly $4.5 billion in additional nationwide revenue in 2024, and more than 18,000 Texas sellers and vendors advertise on the platform. The State brings claims under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, seeking civil penalties of up to $10,000 per violation, an injunction against inaccurate auction descriptions, and per-auction pricing records for every Texas advertiser; the FTC and a coalition of other states filed a parallel federal action the same day.
Attorney General James and a bipartisan coalition of 50 other attorneys general secured a landmark settlement with Meta Platforms, Inc. (Meta) worth up to $17.1 billion to address the company's harmful and addictive features targeting minors on Facebook and Instagram. The settlement requires Meta to implement significant changes, including age verification, time limits for minors, restrictions on notifications, and options to opt out of algorithmic feeds, along with monetary payments to states for mental health and education programs.
$17.1B
Virginia Attorney General Jay Jones announced a landmark $17 billion multistate settlement with Meta joined by 52 states and U.S. territories, resolving claims that Meta deceived the public about addictive design features harming youth mental health and shared Facebook users' private information with third parties before the 2016 election. Virginia is guaranteed $353 million (with an additional $11 million for the data-sharing claims, bringing its total to $364 million). Meta must implement sweeping child-safety reforms on Instagram and Facebook, including age verification, daily time limits, and 'check in breaks,' with implementation and efficacy regularly assessed by an independent auditor.
$353.0M
New York Attorney General Letitia James secured $400,000 from Thirty Madison, Inc., an online medication provider, for misleading consumers about auto-renewing subscriptions and making cancellation difficult. The company failed to clearly disclose subscription terms and non-refundable fees, and required multiple steps to cancel. The settlement requires payment, refunds to eligible subscribers, and changes to subscription practices.
$400K
Colorado Attorney General Phil Weiser announced a settlement with Cobblestone Denver Opco, LLC (Cobblestone Car Wash) over allegations that the company used unfair automatic renewal practices for monthly membership fees. The company failed to provide proper disclosures, notices, terms, and cancellation options, locking over 70,000 consumers into auto-renewal contracts. Cobblestone will pay $1,353,465 in restitution, has already refunded $253,406 to consumers, and must comply with the Colorado Consumer Protection Act, including providing easy-to-access cancellation options and 25-day advance notice of price increases.
$1.4M
A bipartisan coalition of 33 state attorneys general, led by Minnesota AG Keith Ellison, began trial against Meta Platforms, Inc., alleging the company knowingly designed and deployed harmful features on Facebook and Instagram that drive children and teens to use the platforms compulsively, while falsely assuring parents and the public that its platforms were safe for young users. The states also allege Meta illegally collected personal information from children under 13 without parental consent, violating COPPA. The trial opened before Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, with the states seeking monetary penalties and injunctive relief.
A bipartisan coalition of state attorneys general led by New Jersey, California, Colorado, and Kentucky is taking Meta Platforms, Inc. to trial, alleging that Meta designed addictive features on Instagram and Facebook that harm minors' mental health, illegally collected data from children under 13 without the required protections under COPPA, and misled users about platform safety. Opening arguments begin August 18, 2026, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. No monetary penalty or final remedy has yet been imposed.
New York Attorney General Letitia James issued a statement marking the first day of trial in a multistate lawsuit against Meta, alleging the company knowingly designed addictive features on Facebook and Instagram that harm children's mental health. The coalition alleges Meta illegally collected personal information from children under 13 without parental consent, violating COPPA, and seeks monetary penalties, restitution, and an injunction against deceptive practices.
The FTC filed a complaint against Credit Glory LLC and related entities for deceptive credit repair practices, including false promises, impersonating debt collectors, charging illegal upfront fees, and using negative option billing without consent. A federal court temporarily halted the operation.
The FTC, along with Utah and California, filed a complaint against Hims & Hers alleging the telehealth provider shared consumers' sensitive health information with third-party advertising platforms without consent, and deceived consumers about billing and cancellation practices. The complaint alleges violations of the FTC Act and the Restore Online Shoppers' Confidence Act.
New York Attorney General Letitia James released final rules implementing the SAFE for Kids Act, which requires social media companies to restrict algorithmically personalized feeds and nighttime notifications for users under 18 unless they obtain parental consent. The rules establish age assurance standards, parental consent procedures, and data minimization requirements, with civil penalties of up to $5,000 per violation for noncompliance.
Virginia Attorney General Jay Jones announced a court ruling denying Meta Platforms, Inc.'s motion for summary judgment in a lawsuit alleging Meta designed Facebook and Instagram to addict children and misled parents. The court allowed claims under COPPA and the Virginia Consumer Protection Act to proceed to trial, scheduled for August 2026.
The Virginia Attorney General, as part of a multistate coalition, secured a court ruling allowing their case against Meta to proceed to trial. The case alleges that Meta designed and deployed harmful features on its platforms that addict children and teens, causing severe mental and physical detriment. The trial is scheduled for August.
The FTC finalized an order against Publishing.com LLC and its principals for misleading consumers about potential earnings from self-publishing products. The company will pay $1.5 million and must substantiate future earnings claims, and is prohibited from making misrepresentations about refunds and endorsements.
$1.5M
The FTC alleged that Hopper, a travel booking app, charged consumers hidden and pre-selected fees (Tip and VIP Support) without their consent, and misrepresented the benefits of its VIP Support and Price Freeze services. Hopper agreed to pay $35 million for consumer redress and is prohibited from misrepresenting fees, with requirements to clearly disclose fees and total prices.
$35.0M
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong announced that new amendments to the state's automatic renewal law took effect July 1, 2026. The law requires covered businesses to provide annual renewal reminders, offer easy cancellation options (including online or by email), and promptly process cancellation requests without obstruction. Non-compliance may be considered an unfair trade practice subject to investigation by the AG's office and the Department of Consumer Protection.
The FTC sued the Genesis Tech enterprise and its owners for operating deceptive internet-based subscription schemes. The defendants allegedly misled consumers about subscription terms, billed without authorization, and made cancellation difficult. The court granted a temporary halt to the operations pending trial.
Governor Sherrill and Attorney General Davenport announced coordinated executive actions to reduce and eliminate junk fees in New Jersey. The initiative includes an Executive Order directing state agencies to review industries for junk fees and an Enforcement Statement from the Division of Consumer Affairs explaining how junk fee practices may violate the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act.
A bipartisan coalition of state attorneys general began trial against Meta Platforms, Inc., alleging the company knowingly designed addictive features on Facebook and Instagram that harm children and teens, deceived parents about platform safety, and illegally collected personal information from children under 13 without parental consent in violation of COPPA. The states seek monetary penalties, an injunction to stop unlawful practices, and other relief. The trial is being litigated in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.
New Jersey and New York Attorneys General announced an investigation into FIFA's ticketing practices for the 2026 World Cup. The investigation focuses on reports that fans were misled about seat locations, faced soaring prices due to variable pricing, and did not receive the tickets they paid for. Subpoenas have been sent to FIFA seeking information about its ticketing practices for matches hosted in New Jersey.
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton launched an investigation into Meta's Meta AI Glasses over allegations of unlawful facial biometric data collection, deceptive privacy practices, and unauthorized sharing of user data with subcontractors. The investigation follows concerns that the glasses' always-on recording mode lacks proper user notice, planned facial recognition features would collect data without consent, and private user videos are accessed by third-party annotators in Kenya. The AG issued a Civil Investigative Demand to Meta to determine violations of Texas privacy laws.
Shutterstock Inc. agreed to pay $35 million to settle FTC allegations that it charged consumers without their informed consent, failed to disclose auto-renewal and cancellation terms, and made cancellation difficult. The FTC alleged Shutterstock's subscription and on-demand pack offerings violated consumer protection laws through hidden fees and complicated cancellation processes.
$35.0M
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong issued a statement on May 1, 2026, announcing the final passage of bipartisan legislation targeting youth social media addiction and artificial intelligence harms. The legislation imposes new obligations on social media companies regarding minor account settings, parental consent, and reporting, as well as requirements for AI chatbot operators and employers using automated decision tools. The statement also references ongoing enforcement actions against Meta and TikTok for allegedly designing addictive platform features for youth.
Consumer fraud and advertising enforcement action where the FTC sent warning letters to 97 auto dealership groups for deceptive pricing practices, such as advertising prices that exclude mandatory fees, misleading consumers about total costs. The letters stress the need for truthful and transparent pricing in the automotive industry.
The FTC and 11 states settled with Walmart for $100 million over deceptive earnings claims in its Spark Driver gig worker app, where drivers were misled about base pay, tips, and incentives. The settlement also addressed GLBA violations for failing to provide proper notice regarding the handling of drivers' financial information. Walmart must implement an earnings verification program and is banned from misrepresenting driver earnings.
$100.0M
Consumer protection and advertising enforcement action. Oregon Attorney General secured a settlement with meal-kit company HelloFresh for misleading consumers with deceptive 'free meal,' 'free shipping,' and 'free gift' offers that required hundreds of dollars in purchases to obtain. The company must pay $106,000 and implement comprehensive advertising reforms.
$106K
The FTC secured a $2.5 billion settlement with Amazon, including a $1 billion civil penalty and $1.5 billion in consumer refunds, for enrolling millions of consumers in Prime subscriptions without proper consent and designing a deliberately difficult cancellation process. The order requires Amazon to implement clear enrollment disclosures, an easy cancellation method, and cease the unlawful practices.
$1.0B
California Attorney General Rob Bonta announced a $1.55 million settlement with health information website publisher Healthline Media LLC, resolving allegations that the company violated the CCPA and Unfair Competition Law. Violations included failing to honor consumer opt-out requests, sharing sensitive health data with third parties without required privacy protections, and using deceptive consent banners that did not disable tracking cookies. The settlement imposes injunctive terms, compliance requirements, and a civil penalty, marking the largest CCPA settlement to date.
$1.6M
Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed a lawsuit against Snap, Inc., operator of Snapchat, for violating Florida’s HB3 child social media protection law and the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act (FDUTPA). The suit alleges Snap knowingly allowed children under 13 to create accounts, failed to obtain parental consent for 14-15 year old users, deployed addictive dark pattern design features to children, and deceived parents about platform risks including predator access, drug sales, and harmful content. The legal action seeks to hold Snap accountable for noncompliance with Florida child safety and privacy laws.
The Connecticut Office of the Attorney General released an updated enforcement report on the Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA) for 2024, summarizing investigations into companies handling connected vehicles, genetic data, palm recognition, teen messaging apps, and facial recognition. The report outlines expanded enforcement priorities around opt-out practices and dark patterns, and includes legislative recommendations to strengthen the CTDPA.
The California Privacy Protection Agency settled with American Honda Motor Co. for CCPA violations, including making it difficult for consumers to opt-out of data sharing, using dark patterns in its privacy tool, hindering authorized agent requests, and sharing data with ad tech companies without proper contracts. Honda must pay a $632,500 fine, implement new processes for privacy requests, certify compliance, train employees, and ensure appropriate data sharing contracts.
$633K
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong announced proposed legislation to protect minors from addictive social media features. The bill would prohibit exposing minors to harmful algorithms without parental consent, set default usage limits and notification restrictions, and require annual reporting by social media companies. This follows ongoing legal actions against Meta and TikTok for youth addiction concerns.
The FTC settled with Cognosphere, the developer of Genshin Impact, for violating COPPA by collecting children's data without parental consent and for using deceptive loot box practices that misled players about costs and odds. Cognosphere will pay a $20 million fine, be banned from selling loot boxes to teens under 16 without parental consent, and must implement various transparency and data deletion measures.
$20.0M
The FTC settled with Cognosphere LLC, developer of Genshin Impact, for violating COPPA by collecting personal information from children without parental consent and for deceptive practices regarding in-game loot box purchases. The company will pay $20 million in penalties and is banned from selling loot boxes to children under 16 without verifiable parental consent.
$20.0M
The California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) issued an enforcement advisory clarifying that dark patterns—user interfaces that subvert consumer autonomy in making privacy choices—violate the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The advisory emphasizes that businesses must present opt-out options clearly and symmetrically, focusing on the effect rather than intent. It directs consumers to report suspected violations and provides resources for businesses to comply.
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit against General Motors for unlawfully collecting private driving data from over 1.5 million Texas drivers without consent and selling the data to third parties including insurance companies. GM allegedly deceived customers into enrolling in products like OnStar Smart Driver by falsely claiming enrollment was required to retain vehicle safety features, while concealing that enrollment authorized systematic collection and sale of detailed driving data. The action follows an investigation launched in June 2024 as part of the Texas AG’s data privacy initiative, and seeks to hold GM accountable for violating state privacy laws.
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong announced an investigation into EnergyBillCruncher for making false claims that the government would cover solar installation costs, misusing the state seal, and creating false urgency. The investigation seeks information on the company's ownership, consumer interactions, and partnerships. This is part of broader actions against deceptive solar sales tactics.
California Attorney General Rob Bonta and Los Angeles City Attorney Hydee Feldstein Soto announced a $500,000 settlement with Tilting Point Media LLC over allegations that the company violated COPPA and the CCPA by illegally collecting and sharing children’s personal data without parental consent via its 'SpongeBob: Krusty Cook-Off' mobile game. The settlement requires Tilting Point to pay $500,000 in civil penalties and comply with injunctive terms including implementing neutral age screens, obtaining parental consent for children’s data collection/sharing, and maintaining an SDK governance framework. Tilting Point must also submit annual compliance reports to the California DOJ and LA City Attorney’s Office.
$500K
Connecticut officials, including Attorney General William Tong, warned businesses about a scam by CT UCC Statement Service, which charges $90 for free UCC reports. The company's mailings are designed to look like government documents, but reports are available for free at business.ct.gov. Businesses should verify notices and avoid paying fees for free services.
The FTC settled charges that Rite Aid deployed AI facial recognition technology in hundreds of stores from 2012 to 2020 without reasonable safeguards, resulting in false-positive matches that disproportionately harmed women and people of color. The proposed order bans Rite Aid from using facial recognition for surveillance for five years and requires comprehensive biometric data safeguards, data deletion, consumer notifications, and a certified security program.
CRI Genetics, LLC was charged by the FTC and California Attorney General for deceptive marketing of DNA testing services, including false accuracy claims, fake reviews, and using dark patterns in billing. The company agreed to a settlement, paying a $700,000 civil penalty, and is prohibited from deceptive practices, must obtain consent for data sharing, and allow data deletion for consumers who requested it.
$700K
A coalition of 42 attorneys general filed a federal lawsuit against Meta, alleging that the company designed addictive features that harm youth mental health and violated COPPA by collecting children's data without parental consent. The lawsuit seeks injunctive relief, monetary penalties, and restitution.
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong sued Stone Academy, its owner Joseph Bierbaum, and Paier College of Art for violating the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act by deceiving students about the nursing program's quality, clinical hours, and faculty qualifications while diverting funds to other businesses. The lawsuit seeks millions in civil penalties, restitution for students, disgorgement of profits, appointment of a receiver, and attachment of assets including Bierbaum's mansion.
Attorney General William Tong and Stamford Police confiscated thousands of illegal delta-8 THC cannabis products from three Stamford vape shops. The products, which mimic youth-oriented snacks like Oreos and Cheetos, are unregulated and untested. Legal action is being prepared against the shops for violations of the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act.
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong filed a lawsuit against Vision Solar, LLC for engaging in predatory high-pressure sales tactics, misrepresenting financing and tax credits, and performing unpermitted work that left homeowners with nonfunctioning systems and unaffordable loans. The action seeks restitution for consumers, civil penalties, and injunctive relief to stop the company's unfair and deceptive practices.
The FTC settled with GoodRx for sharing consumers' sensitive prescription and health information with Facebook, Google, and other third parties for advertising without consent, and for failing to report these unauthorized disclosures as required by the Health Breach Notification Rule. GoodRx will pay a $1.5 million civil penalty and is permanently barred from sharing user health data for advertising.
$1.5M
Epic Games, maker of Fortnite, violated children's privacy laws by collecting data from under-13 users without parental consent and used deceptive designs to trick users into unintended purchases. The FTC secured a $275 million civil penalty and $245 million in consumer refunds, with requirements to enhance privacy defaults, delete improperly collected data, implement a privacy program, and prohibit dark patterns and account locking for charge disputes.
$275.0M
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong led 34 states and territories in a $438.5 million settlement with JUUL Labs over its youth-targeted marketing and misleading practices. The settlement includes strict injunctive terms prohibiting youth marketing, certain flavors, and requiring age verification. Funds will support tobacco cessation programs.
$438.5M
Connecticut Attorney General announced a $34 million multistate settlement with Harris Jewelry for deceptive marketing and false promises to servicemembers, tricking them into high-interest loans for overpriced jewelry, with refunds and debt relief for affected consumers.
$34.0M
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong issued a public warning about deceptive home warranty advertisements that impersonate mortgage lenders. The ads use high-pressure tactics and false urgency to sell unnecessary warranties. Consumers are advised to research, read contracts carefully, and avoid sharing personal information with unknown companies.
Connecticut Attorney General William Tong secured $1.2 million in restitution for 40,841 state consumers as part of a multistate $141 million settlement with Intuit Inc., the owner of TurboTax. The settlement resolves allegations that Intuit deceived low-income consumers into paying for tax preparation services that were offered for free through the IRS Free File program by using deceptive marketing tactics and confusing product names. Intuit must pay restitution, suspend its 'free, free, free' ad campaign, and implement business practice reforms.
$141.0M