Court Rules

Children's Data Enforcement Actions

Federal and state enforcement actions involving children's data violations, tracked from official government sources.

86

Total Actions

$4.0B

Total Fines

10

Jurisdictions

FTC

Covered Platforms

The FTC began enforcing the TAKE IT DOWN Act on May 19, 2026, a law requiring covered platforms to establish a process for victims to request removal of nonconsensual intimate images and delete such content within 48 hours of a valid request. The agency launched a consumer complaint portal, issued compliance guidance for businesses and consumers, and sent reminder letters to major platforms including Meta, TikTok, and X about their obligations under the law. No specific penalties or enforcement actions against individual companies were announced in this release.

CT

Bad actor platforms

Connecticut’s legislature passed House Bill 5312, creating new civil enforcement mechanisms for deepfake digital sexual assault, including unauthorized dissemination of synthetically created intimate images and AI-generated child pornography. The bill establishes a private right of action for victims and empowers the Connecticut Attorney General to pursue civil injunctions and penalties against abusers and platforms hosting illegal content. This builds on prior Connecticut laws criminalizing unauthorized intimate image dissemination.

CT

None

Connecticut Attorney General William Tong praised final passage of House Bill 5312, which creates new civil enforcement mechanisms for deepfake digital sexual assault. The legislation allows the AG to pursue civil injunctions and penalties against platforms that disseminate illegal synthetic intimate images, including AI-generated child pornography, and establishes a private right of action for victims. The bill builds on prior Connecticut laws criminalizing unauthorized dissemination of intimate images.

CT

Office of the Attorney General William Tong

Connecticut Attorney General William Tong issued a statement on May 1, 2026, following final passage of bipartisan legislation to combat youth social media addiction and regulate artificial intelligence harms. The legislation imposes new requirements on social media companies regarding minor users, including parental consent for addictive algorithms, default privacy settings, and annual reporting obligations. It also establishes rules for AI chat bots and automated employment decision tools, including disclosure requirements and self-harm detection protocols.

CT

social media companies

Connecticut Attorney General William Tong issued a statement on May 1, 2026, announcing the final passage of bipartisan legislation targeting youth social media addiction and artificial intelligence harms. The legislation imposes new obligations on social media companies regarding minor account settings, parental consent, and reporting, as well as requirements for AI chatbot operators and employers using automated decision tools. The statement also references ongoing enforcement actions against Meta and TikTok for allegedly designing addictive platform features for youth.

VA

Virginia Attorney General Jay Jones released a 100-day progress report outlining his office's actions, including a pledge to enforce new Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act provisions requiring social media platforms to limit minor users to one hour of daily usage without parental consent, and a data privacy awareness campaign for Virginians. No specific privacy enforcement actions against private entities were detailed in the release.

CT

Sephora

Connecticut Attorney General William Tong announced a settlement with beauty retailer Sephora resolving an investigation into the company’s marketing of anti-aging skincare products containing active ingredients like retinol to children under 13. Sephora agreed to adopt enforceable safeguards including requiring suppliers to provide age suitability warnings, disclosing those warnings on product pages, training employees to advise young customers, and maintaining a public resource on age-appropriate products. No monetary penalty was imposed.

FL

Discord

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier opened a civil investigation into Discord and issued a subpoena demanding documents related to its marketing to children, age-verification processes, content moderation, parental controls, and reporting of child exploitative activity. The investigation alleges potential violations of Florida’s Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act, citing the platform’s widespread use by child predators to target minors. Discord must produce records on its child safety practices, minor user data, and complaint handling related to child exploitation.

NJ

Susaida Nazario

A former employee of the New Jersey Department of Children and Families was indicted for allegedly leaking confidential child protection case information in exchange for bribes. The defendant, Susaida Nazario, misused her access to provide case details to an unauthorized individual, compromising sensitive children's data.

CPPA

PlayOn Sports

The California Privacy Protection Agency settled with PlayOn Sports for $1.10 million over CCPA violations, including failing to provide adequate opt-out mechanisms and improperly tracking users, particularly students. The company must implement proper opt-out methods, improve disclosures, and comply with children's data consent requirements.

$1.1M

FTC

Operators of General Audience and Mixed Audience Sites and Services

The FTC issued a policy statement announcing that it will not enforce the COPPA Rule against website and online service operators that use age verification technologies solely to determine user age, provided they comply with conditions such as limiting data use, ensuring security, and providing clear notice. This policy aims to incentivize age verification tools to protect children online.

FTC

Website and Online Service Operators

The FTC issued a policy statement announcing it will not enforce COPPA against operators that collect age verification data under specific conditions. The policy aims to encourage the use of age verification technologies to protect children online. Operators must limit data use, ensure security, provide notice, and use accurate verification methods.

NY

xAI

A bipartisan coalition of 35 state attorneys general led by New York Attorney General Letitia James sent a demand letter to xAI on January 26, 2026, requiring the company to address its Grok chatbot’s creation and sharing of nonconsensual intimate images, including child sexual abuse material. The AGs demand that xAI implement safeguards to prevent Grok from generating such content, delete existing harmful content, suspend offending users, and give X users control over whether their content can be edited by Grok. No monetary penalty has been imposed as this is a pre-enforcement demand for action.

CA

U.S. Department of Justice

California Attorney General Rob Bonta joined a multistate coalition in filing an amicus brief opposing the U.S. Department of Justice's subpoena for patient records from University of Pittsburgh Medical Center related to gender-affirming care. The brief argues that the subpoena violates patient privacy, infringes on states' rights to regulate medicine, and exceeds DOJ's statutory authority.

CA

xAI

California Attorney General Rob Bonta sent a cease and desist letter to xAI, demanding the company immediately stop the creation and distribution of deepfake, nonconsensual intimate images and child

CA

xAI

California Attorney General Rob Bonta announced an investigation into xAI for its Grok AI model generating nonconsensual sexual images of women and children, including child sexual abuse material. The AG expressed deep concern and zero tolerance, urging immediate action to prevent further

MA

Trump Administration

Massachusetts Attorney General Andrea Campbell filed a motion to enforce a preliminary injunction against the Trump Administration's demands for personal data of SNAP recipients. The court previously blocked such demands, but the administration renewed its request, threatening to withhold funding. The AG seeks to ensure compliance with federal privacy laws and protect SNAP recipients' sensitive information.

VA

Social Media Platforms

Virginia Attorney General Jay Jones announced intent to enforce new provisions of the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act that limit minors' social media usage to one hour per day without parental consent. The law, effective January 1, 2026, requires age verification and verifiable parental consent to change time limits, with potential penalties up to $7,500 per violation and injunctive relief. This follows a motion to dismiss a lawsuit by NetChoice challenging the law.

FTC

Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. and Disney Entertainment Operations LLC

The FTC settled with Disney for violating the COPPA Rule by mislabeling videos on YouTube, which allowed the collection of children's personal data without parental consent. Disney must pay a $10 million civil penalty and implement measures to ensure proper video labeling and compliance with COPPA.

$10.0M

CT

Anthropic, Apple, Chai AI, Character Technologies, Google, Luka, Meta, Microsoft, Nomi AI, OpenAI, Perplexity AI, Replika, xAI

A bipartisan coalition of 42 attorneys general sent a letter to major AI software companies demanding safeguards to protect users from harmful chatbot interactions. The letter cites multiple incidents of mental health struggles, self-harm, and deaths, particularly affecting children and vulnerable populations. Companies are asked to implement safety testing, recall procedures, and clear warnings by January 16, 2026.

FL

Roblox

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed a lawsuit against Roblox, alleging that the company misrepresented the safety of its platform to parents and failed to protect children from accessing adult content and being contacted by predators. The lawsuit seeks injunctive relief and other remedies to ensure child safety on the platform.

TX

Epic Systems Corporation

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit against Epic Systems Corporation, a major electronic health records vendor, alleging unlawful monopolization of the EHR industry and deceptive practices that restrict parental access to minor children’s medical records. The privacy-related claim asserts Epic automatically hides children’s medication lists, treatment notes, and provider messages from parents when a child turns 12, violating Texas law guaranteeing parents unrestricted access to their children’s medical records. The action is part of broader efforts to ensure EHR vendors comply with Texas parental access requirements and promote market competition.

CA

U.S. Department of Justice

California Attorney General Rob Bonta joined 20 attorneys general in filing an amicus brief to quash a U.S. DOJ administrative subpoena seeking sensitive medical records and personally identifying information of adolescent patients receiving gender-affirming care at Children's Hospital Colorado. The brief argues the subpoena violates states' rights to regulate medicine under the Tenth Amendment and misinterprets the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which would harm off-label drug use across all medical fields.

FTC

Illuminate Education, Inc.

The FTC proposed a consent order against Illuminate Education, Inc. for failing to secure student data, leading to a breach affecting over 10 million students. The company allegedly had security failures and delayed breach notifications. The order requires a data security program, data deletion, and a retention schedule.

CA

Jam City, Inc.

California Attorney General Rob Bonta announced a $1.4 million settlement with mobile gaming company Jam City, Inc. for violating the CCPA by failing to provide consumers with compliant methods to opt out of the sale or sharing of their personal information across its 21 mobile apps. The settlement also resolves allegations that Jam City sold or shared personal data of users aged 13 to 16 without the required affirmative opt-in consent. In addition to the civil penalty, Jam City must implement in-app opt-out methods and obtain opt-in consent for minor users' data sales and sharing.

$1.4M

CA

Sling TV LLC and Dish Media Sales LLC

California Attorney General Rob Bonta secured a $530,000 settlement with Sling TV LLC and Dish Media Sales LLC, resolving allegations that the streaming service violated the CCPA by failing to provide an easy-to-use opt-out mechanism for the sale of personal information and insufficient privacy protections for children. The settlement, subject to court approval, requires Sling TV to implement streamlined opt-out processes across all devices, stop redirecting users to cookie preferences for CCPA opt-outs, and add kid-specific profiles with default opt-out of data sales and targeted advertising. This is the first enforcement action from the DOJ's 2024 investigative sweep of streaming services.

$530K

CA

U.S. Department of Justice

California Attorney General Rob Bonta joined 15 attorneys general in filing an amicus brief to limit a U.S. DOJ subpoena seeking medical records of transgender youth from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, arguing it violates patient privacy and could intimidate providers of gender-affirming care.

CA

Sling TV LLC

California Attorney General Rob Bonta settled with Sling TV for $530,000 over CCPA violations. Sling TV failed to provide an easy-to-use opt-out mechanism for the sale of personal information and lacked adequate privacy protections for children's data. The settlement requires Sling TV to implement changes to ensure CCPA compliance, including improved opt-out processes and children's privacy safeguards.

$530K

FL

Roku, Inc.

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed a civil enforcement action against Roku, Inc. for violating the Florida Digital Bill of Rights (FDBOR) and Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act (FDUTPA). The complaint alleges Roku collected, sold, and enabled reidentification of children’s sensitive personal data, including viewing habits and voice recordings, without parental consent or meaningful notice to consumers. The state seeks civil penalties, injunctive relief, and requirements for Roku to implement transparent disclosures, lawful parental controls, and cease unauthorized processing of children’s data.

TX

Austin Diagnostic Clinic

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton secured a settlement agreement with Austin Diagnostic Clinic to end its policy of restricting parental access to children’s electronic health records. The agreement requires the clinic to provide parents with full, real-time access to their children’s medical information except where restricted by state or federal law, and the AG will monitor compliance.

FTC

Iconic Hearts Holdings, Inc.

The FTC filed a complaint against Iconic Hearts Holdings, Inc., operator of the Sendit anonymous messaging app, for unlawfully collecting personal data from children in violation of COPPA, misleading users by sending messages from fake personas, and tricking consumers into paid subscriptions by falsely promising to reveal anonymous senders.

NY

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

A coalition of 21 state attorneys general led by New York Attorney General Letitia James obtained a temporary restraining order from the District Court for the Northern District of California blocking the USDA from demanding personally identifiable information of all SNAP recipients, including Social Security numbers, home addresses, and immigration statuses. The lawsuit argued that the USDA’s demand violated federal and state laws prohibiting disclosure of SNAP data except in narrow circumstances, and that the data would be used for immigration enforcement against recipients. The order also prohibits the USDA from withholding SNAP funding from plaintiff states that refuse to comply with the data demand.

FL

Gethins Limited, Toccata, Inc., Segpay Gateway LLC, Segregated Payments, Inc., D/B/A Segpay, Aylo Holdings USA Corp., Aylo Billings US Corp., Aylo Group Ltd, Nutaku Entertainment Ltd.

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed complaints against multiple pornography websites for violating Florida's age-verification law by not verifying users' ages, allowing children access to harmful material. The law requires such sites to implement age verification, and violations can result in fines up to $50,000 per violation. The complaints seek injunctions, civil penalties, and compliance with the law.

FTC

Alphabet, Inc.; Character Technologies, Inc.; Instagram, LLC; Meta Platforms, Inc.; OpenAI OpCo, LLC; Snap, Inc.; X.AI Corp.

The FTC issued 6(b) orders to seven technology companies to investigate the safety and privacy practices of their AI chatbots, particularly regarding impacts on children and teens. The inquiry focuses on compliance with children's privacy laws, data handling, and disclosures, requiring companies to provide information on these aspects.

TX

PowerSchool

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit against PowerSchool, a provider of cloud-based services for K-12 schools, following a data breach that exposed the personal and health information of over 880,000 Texas school-aged children and teachers. The breach occurred in December 2024 when a hacker gained administrative access through a subcontractor's account and stole unencrypted data including Social Security numbers, medical details, and disability records. The lawsuit alleges PowerSchool violated Texas law by failing to implement basic security measures and by misleading customers about its security practices.

FTC

Apitor Technology

The FTC settled allegations against Apitor Technology for violating COPPA by allowing a third party to collect geolocation data from children without parental consent. Apitor must pay a $500,000 suspended fine, delete improperly collected data, and implement measures to comply with COPPA, including obtaining parental consent and notifying parents.

$500K

FTC

Disney Worldwide Services

The FTC released a statement by Chairman Ferguson, joined by Commissioners Holyoak and Meador, regarding the enforcement action against Disney Worldwide Services for alleged violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The statement addresses the case involving children's privacy protections.

FTC

Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. and Disney Entertainment Operations LLC

The FTC alleges that Disney violated COPPA by failing to properly label children-directed videos on YouTube as 'Made for Kids,' allowing the collection of personal data from children under 13 without parental consent. Disney will pay a $10 million civil penalty and must implement a program to ensure accurate video designations, potentially incorporating age assurance technologies.

$10.0M

FL

Lorex

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier issued a subpoena to Lorex as part of an ongoing consumer protection and data privacy investigation. The probe examines Lorex’s ties to Dahua Technology and potential foreign spying risks, including unauthorized access to children’s data, and whether the company misled consumers about the privacy and security of its camera products and apps. The subpoena seeks documents related to corporate structure, third-party contracts, software update origins, data center locations, security vulnerabilities, and marketing claims about privacy and security.

TX

Meta AI Studio and Character.AI

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton has opened an investigation into Meta AI Studio and Character.AI for deceptive practices in marketing AI chatbots as mental health services to children. The platforms are accused of impersonating licensed professionals, fabricating qualifications, and exploiting user data for advertising without proper disclosure. Civil Investigative Demands have been issued to examine violations of Texas consumer protection laws and the SCOPE Act.

TX

Meta Platforms, Inc. and Character Technologies, Inc.

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton opened an investigation into Meta and Character.AI via Civil Investigative Demands, alleging deceptive trade practices including misrepresenting AI chatbots as confidential mental health tools while harvesting user data for targeted advertising. The probe assesses potential violations of Texas consumer protection laws and the SCOPE Act, particularly regarding privacy misrepresentations, concealment of data usage, and harms to children. This builds on prior investigations into Character.AI for SCOPE Act compliance.

FL

Webgroup Czech Republic, NKL Associates, Sonesta Technologies, Inc., GGW Group, Traffic F

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed a lawsuit against multiple online pornography websites for violating HB 3 by not implementing age verification to prevent minors from accessing harmful content. The companies have ignored prior warnings and are accused of unfair business practices. The suit seeks to compel compliance with state law.

FL

WebGroup Czech Republic, a.s.; NKL Associates, s.r.o.; Sonesta Technologies, s.r.o.; Sonesta Media, s.r.o.; Sonesta Technologies, Inc.; GGW Group, s.r.o.; GTFlix TV, s.r.o.; GGW Group, LLC; Traffic F, s.r.o.

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed a lawsuit against multiple online pornography websites for violating HB 3, which requires age verification to prevent minors from accessing harmful content. The companies, including XVideos.com and XNXX.com, have failed to implement age verification since the law took effect on January 1, 2025. The lawsuit seeks to enforce HB 3 and the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act to protect children from exposure to explicit material.

TX

Meta, Google, General Motors, TikTok, and other companies

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced a comprehensive privacy enforcement initiative, achieving record settlements with Meta ($1.4B) and Google ($1.375B) for biometric and geolocation data violations, suing General Motors and TikTok, and investigating numerous companies for children's data and AI practices. The AG's office has enforced multiple Texas privacy laws and registered over 200 data brokers.

$2.8B

TX

Aylo Global Entertainment

The Supreme Court upheld a Texas law requiring pornography websites to implement age-verification measures to protect children from explicit content. Attorney General Ken Paxton is enforcing the law with fines for violations and has sued Aylo Global Entertainment for non-compliance.

FL

Snap, Inc.

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier filed a lawsuit against Snap, Inc., operator of Snapchat, for violating Florida’s HB3 child social media protection law and the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act (FDUTPA). The suit alleges Snap knowingly allowed children under 13 to create accounts, failed to obtain parental consent for 14-15 year old users, deployed addictive dark pattern design features to children, and deceived parents about platform risks including predator access, drug sales, and harmful content. The legal action seeks to hold Snap accountable for noncompliance with Florida child safety and privacy laws.

CT

Office of the Attorney General

The Connecticut Office of the Attorney General released an updated enforcement report on the Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA) for 2024, summarizing investigations into companies handling connected vehicles, genetic data, palm recognition, teen messaging apps, and facial recognition. The report outlines expanded enforcement priorities around opt-out practices and dark patterns, and includes legislative recommendations to strengthen the CTDPA.

NJ

Discord, Inc.

The New Jersey Attorney General filed a lawsuit against Discord, Inc. for deceptive business practices under the Consumer Fraud Act. Discord misrepresented its Safe Direct Messaging and age verification features, failing to protect children from

FL

Roblox

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier issued a subpoena to Roblox on April 16, 2025, as part of an investigation into the gaming platform’s child-protection policies and children’s data practices. The subpoena demands documents related to Roblox’s marketing to children, age-verification procedures, chat moderation, and processing of minors’ personal data, following reports of children being exposed to harmful content and predatory actors on the platform. No fines or remedies have been imposed yet, as the investigation is ongoing.

NY

Saturn Technologies

New York Attorney General Letitia James settled with Saturn Technologies, developer of the Saturn social networking app for high school students, over failures to protect young users’ privacy. The Office of the Attorney General found the company disabled required email verification for thousands of schools, used inadequate age and identity checks, retained user contact data after access was revoked, and failed to maintain proper privacy records. Saturn will pay $650,000 in penalties and implement enhanced privacy protections for minor users, including mandatory bi-annual privacy setting reviews and data deletion requirements.

$650K

CT

Social Media Companies

Connecticut Attorney General William Tong announced proposed legislation to protect minors from addictive social media features. The bill would prohibit exposing minors to harmful algorithms without parental consent, set default usage limits and notification restrictions, and require annual reporting by social media companies. This follows ongoing legal actions against Meta and TikTok for youth addiction concerns.

FTC

Cognosphere Pte. Ltd and Cognosphere LLC

The FTC settled with Cognosphere, the developer of Genshin Impact, for violating COPPA by collecting children's data without parental consent and for using deceptive loot box practices that misled players about costs and odds. Cognosphere will pay a $20 million fine, be banned from selling loot boxes to teens under 16 without parental consent, and must implement various transparency and data deletion measures.

$20.0M

FTC

COGNOSPHERE LLC

The FTC settled with Cognosphere LLC, developer of Genshin Impact, for violating COPPA by collecting personal information from children without parental consent and for deceptive practices regarding in-game loot box purchases. The company will pay $20 million in penalties and is banned from selling loot boxes to children under 16 without verifiable parental consent.

$20.0M

TX

Aylo Global Entertainment

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton defended House Bill 1181 at the U.S. Supreme Court, which requires online pornography sites to verify users' ages to protect children from harmful content. The law was challenged by pornography distributors, but Texas won at the Fifth Circuit and is now defending its constitutionality. Texas has also sued Aylo Global Entertainment for non-compliance, leading to Pornhub's shutdown in Texas.

TX

TikTok

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit against TikTok for deceptively promoting its app as safe for children despite the prevalence of inappropriate and explicit content. The action alleges violations of the SCOPE Act, which protects children's online privacy, and follows a previous lawsuit regarding data privacy issues.

TX

Character.AI

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton has launched investigations into Character.AI and fourteen other companies, including Reddit, Instagram, and Discord, for potential violations of the SCOPE Act and TDPSA regarding children's privacy and safety. The investigations focus on unauthorized sharing of minors' data and lack of parental controls. No penalties have been imposed yet as the investigations are ongoing.

TX

Character.AI, Reddit, Instagram, Discord, and 14 other companies

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton launched investigations into Character.AI and 14 other companies, including Reddit, Instagram, and Discord, over potential violations of children’s privacy and safety laws. The investigations focus on compliance with the SCOPE Act and Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (TDPSA), which require parental consent for sharing minors’ data and mandate notice and consent requirements for children’s personal information. No fines or remedies have been imposed as the investigations are ongoing.

TX

Character.AI, Reddit, Instagram, Discord, and 11 other companies

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced investigations into 15 companies, including Character.AI, Reddit, Instagram, and Discord, for potential violations of the SCOPE Act and TDPSA concerning children's privacy. The investigations target practices such as unauthorized sharing of minors' personal data and failure to provide parental controls. This action is part of Texas's broader initiative to enforce data privacy laws.

NY

TikTok

New York Attorney General Letitia James and California Attorney General Rob Bonta led a bipartisan coalition of 14 attorneys general in filing lawsuits against TikTok on October 8, 2024, alleging the platform harmed children’s mental health through addictive features and violated COPPA by collecting and monetizing data from users under 13 without parental consent. The lawsuits seek to halt TikTok’s harmful practices, impose financial penalties including disgorgement of profits from illegal practices, and secure damages for affected users. TikTok is also accused of misrepresenting the effectiveness of its safety tools and failing to warn users about harms from dangerous viral challenges and beauty filters.

TX

TikTok

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit against TikTok for violating the Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment (SCOPE) Act by sharing minors’ personal identifying information without parental consent and failing to provide parents with tools to manage their children’s account privacy settings. The lawsuit seeks civil penalties of up to $10,000 per violation and injunctive relief to prevent future violations. TikTok is accused of prioritizing profit over the online safety and privacy of Texas children.

FTC

Major Social Media and Video Streaming Companies (Amazon, Meta, YouTube, X, Snap, TikTok, Discord, Reddit, WhatsApp)

The FTC staff report examined data practices of nine major social media and video streaming companies and found they engaged in vast surveillance of users with lax privacy controls and inadequate safeguards for children and teens. The report recommends limiting data collection, restricting targeted advertising, and strengthening protections for young users, and calls for comprehensive federal privacy legislation.

FTC

IXL Learning, Inc.

The Federal Trade Commission filed an amicus brief in a lawsuit where parents sued IXL Learning for allegedly collecting and selling children's data without proper consent. The FTC argued that under COPPA, school district agreements to arbitration do not bind parents. The brief opposes IXL Learning's attempt to compel arbitration.

FTC

TikTok and ByteDance

The FTC and DOJ sued TikTok and ByteDance for violating COPPA by collecting personal information from children under 13 without parental consent. The complaint alleges that TikTok knowingly allowed millions of children on its platform and failed to comply with a 2019 consent order. The lawsuit seeks civil penalties and a permanent injunction.

FTC

NGL Labs, LLC

NGL Labs, LLC and its founders were sued by the FTC and Los Angeles DA for marketing an anonymous messaging app to children and teens, making false claims about AI content moderation, sending fake messages to boost engagement, and violating COPPA by collecting kids' data without parental consent. They must pay $5 million, with $500,000 as a civil penalty and $4.5 million for consumer redress, and are banned from offering the app to users under 18. The order requires age gates, data deletion, and prohibits false claims about AI and recurring charges.

$500K

CA

Tilting Point Media LLC

California Attorney General Rob Bonta and Los Angeles City Attorney Hydee Feldstein Soto announced a $500,000 settlement with Tilting Point Media LLC over allegations that the company violated COPPA and the CCPA by illegally collecting and sharing children’s personal data without parental consent via its 'SpongeBob: Krusty Cook-Off' mobile game. The settlement requires Tilting Point to pay $500,000 in civil penalties and comply with injunctive terms including implementing neutral age screens, obtaining parental consent for children’s data collection/sharing, and maintaining an SDK governance framework. Tilting Point must also submit annual compliance reports to the California DOJ and LA City Attorney’s Office.

$500K

FTC

NGL

The FTC settled with NGL for deceptively marketing its anonymous messaging app to children and teens, using fake messages to trick users into paid subscriptions without proper consent. The order banned marketing to users under 18 and required $4.5 million in refunds for unauthorized charges.

$4.5M

CA

Tilting Point Media LLC

Tilting Point Media LLC illegally collected and shared children's personal data in its mobile app game 'SpongeBob: Krusty Cook-Off' without parental consent, violating COPPA and CCPA. The settlement imposes a $500,000 civil penalty and injunctive terms to ensure compliance with children's data privacy laws.

$500K

TX

Multi Media, LLC

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced a settlement with Multi Media, LLC, operator of Chaturbate, for violating Texas age verification law HB 1181. The company agreed to implement an age verification service on its website to prevent minors from accessing adult content. No monetary penalty was imposed in this settlement.

FTC

Website and Online Service Operators Covered by COPPA

The FTC has proposed amendments to the COPPA Rule to enhance children's privacy protections. Key changes include requiring separate parental consent for targeted advertising, prohibiting conditioning access on data collection, limiting push notifications, strengthening data security and retention requirements, and restricting commercial use in educational technology. The proposal shifts responsibility from parents to companies to safeguard children's data.

NY

Meta

A coalition of 42 attorneys general filed a federal lawsuit against Meta, alleging that the company designed addictive features that harm youth mental health and violated COPPA by collecting children's data without parental consent. The lawsuit seeks injunctive relief, monetary penalties, and restitution.

NJ

Meta Platforms, Inc.

New Jersey, leading a coalition of 41 other attorneys general, sued Meta for knowingly designing addictive Instagram and Facebook features targeting children and teens while falsely claiming the platforms were safe. The lawsuit alleges Meta collected personal data from users under 13 without parental consent, violating the federal Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and state consumer protection laws like the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act.

CT

JUUL Labs

Connecticut led a multistate settlement with JUUL Labs for $438.5 million over allegations of marketing vaping products to underage youth. The settlement funds are being directed to Regional Behavioral Health Action Organizations through new legislation to combat youth vaping, with requirements for transparency and evidence-based programs.

$438.5M

FTC

Amazon.com, Inc.

The FTC and DOJ charged Amazon with violating COPPA by indefinitely retaining children's Alexa voice recordings and failing to honor parents' deletion requests. Under a proposed consent decree, Amazon must pay $25 million, delete children's data, and implement privacy safeguards.

$25.0M

FTC

Meta

The FTC proposed modifications to its 2020 privacy order with Meta, alleging violations including non-compliance with the order, misleading parents about Messenger Kids, and unauthorized data sharing. The proposed changes include banning monetization of youth data, pausing new product launches, and strengthening privacy requirements.

FTC

Epic Games, Inc.

Epic Games, maker of Fortnite, violated children's privacy laws by collecting data from under-13 users without parental consent and used deceptive designs to trick users into unintended purchases. The FTC secured a $275 million civil penalty and $245 million in consumer refunds, with requirements to enhance privacy defaults, delete improperly collected data, implement a privacy program, and prohibit dark patterns and account locking for charge disputes.

$275.0M

CT

JUUL Labs

Connecticut Attorney General William Tong led 34 states and territories in a $438.5 million settlement with JUUL Labs over its youth-targeted marketing and misleading practices. The settlement includes strict injunctive terms prohibiting youth marketing, certain flavors, and requiring age verification. Funds will support tobacco cessation programs.

$438.5M

NJ

TikTok

New Jersey is co-leading a multistate investigation into TikTok to determine if the platform violates consumer protection laws by using techniques that increase engagement among young users, potentially causing mental and physical harm. The investigation will examine what TikTok knows about these harms to children, teenagers, and young adults.

NJ

Meta Platforms, Inc.

New Jersey is co-leading a nationwide investigation into whether Instagram and its parent company Meta Platforms, Inc. are violating state consumer protection laws by employing techniques that induce children, teenagers, and young adults to use the platform in potentially harmful ways. The bipartisan coalition of attorneys general is examining the potential mental and physical health harms resulting from extended engagement, including depression, anxiety, and body image issues.

NJ

Kristan T. Bell

A caseworker with the New Jersey Division of Child Protection and Permanency was charged with criminal offenses for allegedly accessing and disclosing confidential DCF database records without authorization. The charges include Computer Theft and Unlawful Access and Disclosure. The investigation was conducted by the New Jersey State Police.

FTC

Aristotle International, Inc.

The FTC removed Aristotle International, Inc. from its list of approved COPPA Safe Harbor programs due to insufficient monitoring of member companies' compliance with COPPA guidelines. This action prevents operators from using Aristotle's program for favorable regulatory treatment and marks the first such removal since COPPA's inception.

FTC

Kuuhuub Inc.

The FTC settled with Kuuhuub Inc., operator of the Recolor coloring book app, for violating COPPA by collecting personal information from children under 13 without parental consent. The app's social media features allowed children to register and share data, and third-party ad networks collected persistent identifiers for targeted ads. The settlement requires deletion of children's data, refunds to underage subscribers, a $3 million penalty (suspended upon $100,000 payment), and user notifications about the violations.

$3.0M

FTC

Miniclip, S.A.

The FTC finalized a settlement with Miniclip, S.A. for falsely claiming it was a member of the CARU COPPA safe harbor program. Miniclip is prohibited from misrepresenting its participation in privacy programs and subject to compliance and recordkeeping requirements.

FTC

HyperBeard, Inc.

HyperBeard, Inc., a developer of children's apps, agreed to pay $150,000 and delete personal information it illegally collected from children under 13 to settle FTC allegations that it violated COPPA by allowing third-party ad networks to collect persistent identifiers without parental consent. The settlement requires HyperBeard to obtain verifiable parental consent for future data collection and prohibits using the illegally collected data.

$150K

NJ

Unixiz, Inc.

Unixiz, Inc. agreed to shut down its i-Dressup teen social website and pay $98,618 in civil penalties to settle allegations that it violated COPPA by collecting personal information from over 2,500 New Jersey children without parental consent and failed to safeguard user data, leading to a 2016 data breach affecting more than 24,000 New Jersey residents.

$99K

NJ

Meitu, Inc.

Meitu, Inc. allegedly violated COPPA and the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act by collecting personal information from children under 13 without parental consent. The settlement requires Meitu to pay a $100,000 civil penalty, update its privacy policies, and modify its apps to block data collection from children.

$100K

NJ

Dokogeo

The New Jersey Attorney General settled with Dokogeo, the developer of the Dokobots app, for violating COPPA by collecting personal information from children without parental consent. The settlement requires Dokogeo to disclose its data practices, stop collecting children's data, delete existing children's data, and pay a suspended $25,000 penalty.

$25K